Suitability Analysis and Recommendations for Professional Monitoring Techniques and Methods of Landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir: A case study of the Zigui section in Hubei Province

The Three Gorges Reservoir area is one of the earliest regions in China to systematically implement professional monitoring and early warning for geological disasters such as landslides. Since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir in 2003, nearly 300 instances of landslide disasters have been recorded in the Zigui section of the Three Gorges Reservoir over the past 20 years. Monitoring techniques have evolved from early manual monitoring to real-time automated monitoring in recent years. Based on an overview of the existing professional monitoring techniques and methods for geological disasters in the Zigui section, this paper systematically summarizes and analyzes the suitability of different professional monitoring techniques and methods. Additionally, it provides recommendations for selecting appropriate professional monitoring techniques based on the stages of slope deformation and various deformation characteristics. The findings reveal that GNSS automated surface displacement monitoring with automated rainfall monitoring is the preferred technology, regardless of the slope deformation stage or the distinct deformation features. Other monitoring technologies should be added as needed based on specific requirements and the actual conditions of the disaster site. The research findings provide valuable references for optimizing the implementation of future geological disaster monitoring and early warning in the reservoir area.