Application of universal geo-hazard monitoring instruments in landslides and early warning of three landslides in Gansu Province: a case study in Minxian County and Lanzhou City of Gansu Province

Geohazard is a serious problem in Lanzhou and Minxian County of Gansu Province, northwest China. Three landslides in Lanzhou and Minxian County were selected for universal monitoring construction. According to "Technical guide for geohazardmonitoring and early warning based on the combination of professional and mass monitoring (trial use)", crack-meter, GNSS monitoring, soil moisture monitoring, real-time rain-gauge and alarm apparatus were used in the landslide monitoring network. Power supply of landslide monitoring instruments is from Li-ion battery and solar panels, providing sufficient power to 24 h-per-day working. Data transmission of real-time data is based on LoRa and 2/3/4 G mobilecommunications, with increasing reliability and cost reduction. Monitoring data were transmitted to national platform and provincial platform simultaneously, providing real-time data for both platforms. The monitoring data were analyzed automatically, using multi-module for landslide prediction and warning. When abnormal data were discriminated, SMS messages were delivered automatically to designated personnels for further processing.Through fourmonths’ trial operation, the creep deformation of millimeter-level of landslide was captured. The data is reliable and meets the needs of monitoring and early warning. Through the implementation of three landslide universal monitoring projects, on the one hand, real-time monitoring of landslide deformation and environmental factors is realized, and a reference solution is provided for regions with similar problems.