ISSN 1003-8035 CN 11-2852/P
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • CSCD收录期刊
  • Caj-cd规范获奖期刊
  • Scopus 收录期刊
  • DOAJ 收录期刊
  • GeoRef收录期刊
欢迎扫码关注“i环境微平台”

白鹤滩水电站库区红层砂岩干湿循环下结构劣化及渗透性演化规律

林诗哲, 胡新丽, 张海燕, 李宁杰, 刘欣宇

林诗哲,胡新丽,张海燕,等. 白鹤滩水电站库区红层砂岩干湿循环下结构劣化及渗透性演化规律[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2024,35(5): 67-77. DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202309020
引用本文: 林诗哲,胡新丽,张海燕,等. 白鹤滩水电站库区红层砂岩干湿循环下结构劣化及渗透性演化规律[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2024,35(5): 67-77. DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202309020
LIN Shizhe,HU Xinli,ZHANG Haiyan,et al. Structural degradation and permeability evolution of red sandstone under dry-wet cycles in the Baihetan hydropower station reservoir area[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2024,35(5): 67-77. DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202309020
Citation: LIN Shizhe,HU Xinli,ZHANG Haiyan,et al. Structural degradation and permeability evolution of red sandstone under dry-wet cycles in the Baihetan hydropower station reservoir area[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2024,35(5): 67-77. DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202309020

白鹤滩水电站库区红层砂岩干湿循环下结构劣化及渗透性演化规律

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点国际(地区)合作研究项目(42020104006)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    林诗哲(2000—),男,辽宁盘锦人,硕士研究生,主要从事岩土体稳定性评价与地质灾害监测预警方面的研究。E-mail:linsz@cug.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    胡新丽(1968—),女,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要地质灾害防治及岩土体稳定性评价等研究工作。E-mail:huxinli@cug.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P694

Structural degradation and permeability evolution of red sandstone under dry-wet cycles in the Baihetan hydropower station reservoir area

  • 摘要:

    受库水位周期性波动及降雨的影响,库岸边坡岩石长期处于干湿交替的环境中,导致其劣化损伤,对岸坡稳定性构成巨大威胁。文章以白鹤滩水电站的红层砂岩为研究对象,开展硫酸钠盐溶液干湿循环试验、CT扫描、数字岩心建模及Avizo渗流模拟,研究了红层砂岩在干湿循环作用下的结构劣化及渗透性演化规律。结果表明:红层砂岩的质量损失率(α)和渗透率(k)随循环次数(N)的增加呈指数形式上升;总孔隙度、有效孔隙度及有效孔隙度占比随N的增加均先减小后增大;讨论认为红层砂岩在盐溶液干湿循环作用下的结构劣化,是溶蚀和盐结晶共同作用的结果。早期主要由于方解石、斜长石等矿物在溶液中发生溶解而产生结构损伤;中期岩石受到盐结晶和溶蚀作用的共同损伤;后期盐结晶作用逐渐减弱,岩石损伤再次以溶蚀作用为主。研究结果为白鹤滩水电站库滑坡长期稳定性评价提供重要理论依据。

    Abstract:

    Influenced by the cyclic fluctuation of reservoir water levels and rainfall, the rocks of reservoir bank slopes have been subjected to alternating wet and dry environments for a long time. This leads to their deterioration and damage, posing a great threat to the stability of the bank slopes. This study investigates the red sandstone of the Baihetan hydropower station as the research object, and the structural deterioration of the red sandstone under wetting-drying cycles of sodium sulfate salt solution were investigated by carrying out wetting-drying cycles test, CT scanning test, digital core modeling and seepage simulation. The results show that the mass loss rate (α) and permeability (k) of the red sandstone increase exponentially with the number of cycles (N). The total porosity, effective porosity, and effective porosity ratio initially decrease and then increase with N. The study suggests that the structural deterioration of the red sandstone under wetting-drying cycles in the salt solution results from the combined effect of dissolution and salt crystallization. In the early stages, structural damage is mainly due to calcite, plagioclase feldspar and other minerals in solution dissolution. In the middle stages, the rocks undergoes damage from both salt crystallization and dissolution. In the later stages, the effect of salt crystallization is gradually weakened and rock dissolution becomes the dominant factor causing rock damage again. The results of the study provide an important theoretical basis for the long-term stability evaluation of reservoir slopes at the Baihetan hydropower station.

  • 滑坡监测预警是有效减少人员伤亡和财产损失的重要防灾措施之一。近年来随着滑坡监测技术的不断发展,InSAR[12]、三维激光[34]、无人机摄影测量[56]等非接触型边坡监测技术应运而生,可以获取滑坡任意区域的变形数据,但受制于无法进行实时数据分析,一般用于滑坡隐患识别,而对于有实时监测预警需求的滑坡灾害,则主要依靠直接接触的变形监测技术,如裂缝计[78]、GNSS[910]等,通过直观可靠的地表变形监测,分析滑坡变形发展趋势进行预警[1112],如近年来广泛应用的切线角预警模型构建的滑坡变形预警技术,成为了实现滑坡实时预警的可靠手段[13]。这类监测技术应用过程中,GNSS设备因其良好的全天候、多方向监测能力得到了广泛的应用,成为滑坡变形监测最主要的设备之一[14]

    GNSS设备应用于滑坡变形监测时,监测精度可达毫米级,常见误差在±5 mm左右[15],但在受天气或设备本身定位解算异常影响时GNSS变形数据也可能出现异常波动,导致根据变形量计算的滑坡变形速率产生明显震荡,引起边坡变形监测的误报。因此,针对监测数据误差问题,一些学者提出了各种方法对变形量监测数据进行过滤,以还原滑坡实际变形速率,包括采用Kalman滤波及其改进[1618]、神经网络法[1922]、小波降噪法及其改进[2325]等,这些方法都能在事后较好地平滑变形数据,并且过滤后的数据趋势也与滑坡实际变形趋势基本相符,但这类方法需要大量的前期数据进行分析,无法真正应用到滑坡的实时预警中。由此,部分学者开始应用具有一定实时数据处理能力的解析式过滤方法,如各类最小二乘和回归拟合[2627]、移动平均法[28]等,以实现变形数据的实时过滤。其中,最小二乘法由于同时考虑了时间序列的影响,相对于移动平均能更真实地还原出滑坡变形发展趋势,得到了更好的应用。

    在基于GNSS监测的滑坡变形数据实时过滤过程中,由于GNSS偶然误差的影响,会导致常规最小二乘法过滤时无法有效剔除异常值,导致预警误报的发生,而目前单一的过滤方法都无法实现较好的过滤,因此,解决变形数据的实时过滤问题,并实现异常误差值的实时剔除,是还原真实滑坡变形数据的重要支撑,也是实现滑坡变形真正实时有效预警的关键。

    GNSS获取的滑坡变形量误差一般可分为两类,分别是精度误差和偶然误差(图1)。其中,由于设备定位精度影响导致获得的变形量在一定范围内反复波动的误差为精度误差,具有一定的规律和波动幅度;而偶然误差则是由于各类原因导致GNSS设备定位准确度产生的较大偏差,使变形量监测中出现偶发的异常大跳点。在这两类误差影响下,GNSS设备获得的滑坡变形量数据呈现明显的波动,而根据变形量直接计算的滑坡变形速率也呈显著的规律波动和异常抖动,难以进行可靠的变形预警。

    图  1  常见GNSS误差特征
    Figure  1.  common GNSS error characteristics

    对于GNSS设备的变形误差过滤,都是选取一定数量的最新数据,采用各种过滤方法对获得的变形量数据进行实时过滤。而在滑坡变形监测过程中,影响数据过滤效果的最重要因素是数据的选取数量。不同的过滤方法在过滤数据数量不同时,过滤效果也不同。数据选取量越少,平滑后的偏差波动越大;数据选取量越多,平滑效果越好,但对于真正加速后产生的变形量增大则不容易及时识别。目前对于变形量数据的选取数量并没有统一的标准,主要根据经验选取一定数量的变形数据进行平滑,但两者之间应当有一个最佳平衡点,即在确保较好的数据偏差过滤效果的前提下,选取的数据数量最少以减小延迟。同时,还应当考虑不同GNSS设备或区域的差异,构建具有一定普适性的变形数据选取数量,以实现针对这类设备的通用变形数据量选用。

    对于GNSS的变形量精度误差的过滤,目前有很多方法都可以较好地实现数据过滤,如移动平均法、最小二乘法等,其中最小二乘过滤方法简单,拟合后直线斜率为滑坡变形速率,且拟合数据同时考虑了变形量时间序列,在监测频率变化时不会出现局部大幅度波动[29]。因此,本文以常见的最小二乘法过滤为基础,通过搜集国内不同区域、不同型号的GNSS设备获取的边坡不同监测频率的变形量数据进行分析(图2)。通过选取相同长度时间内边坡未产生明显变形的GNSS合位移监测数据,并比较不同数据量选用下的变形量过滤偏差大小的规律,具体方法为:采用不同数量的数据进行最小二乘拟合,获得拟合后的直线位移,并计算其与实际位移量之间的最大偏差值,然后按时间依次向前推进,继续进行最小二乘拟合,并不断计算拟合位移量与实际位移量之间的最大偏差值,最终获得整个时间段上的最大偏移量值。最小二乘拟合的数据量需大于3组,因此分别采用3组~80组数据作为数据选择总量各自进行拟合,最终建立不同数据总量与拟合后最大数据偏差量之间的关系(图3)。

    图  2  不同区域和不同类型的GNSS监测数据
    Figure  2.  GNSS monitoring data across various regions and types
    图  3  过滤尺度确定方法示意图
    Figure  3.  Schematic diagram of filter scale determination method

    通过对比了甘肃省黑方台陈家3#滑坡(监测频率30 min)、江西省弋阳县三县岭滑坡(监测频率1 h)、四川省理县薛城镇滑坡(监测频率1 h)和云南省丽江市华丽高速边坡(监测频率5 min)4个区域不同监测频率的GNSS监测数据过滤效果的偏差关系发现(图4),整体上GNSS监测数据随着拟合采用的数据总数量增多,拟合后的最大偏差值呈逐渐减小的趋势。不同类型的GNSS监测数据都具有大体相同的减小规律,即整体上随着拟合采用的数据总数量增多,GNSS的最大偏差降低程度可以分为三个阶段:快速降低(数据量3~15)、震荡降低(数据量16~40)、缓慢降低(数据量>40)。在快速降低阶段,随着拟合数据量的不断增多,拟合后的GNSS变形数据最大偏差值呈大幅度下降的特征,数据量越多,偏差降低越明显;在震荡降低阶段,拟合后的GNSS变形数据最大偏差值呈波动下降的特征,整体上随着数据量的增多偏差呈较大幅度降低,同时中间也出现明显的震荡区域,即随着数据量的增多,最大偏差值可能出现小幅度的增大,随后再继续降低;在缓慢降低阶段,随着拟合数据量的继续增多,拟合后的GNSS变形数据最大偏差值呈缓慢下降的特征,如拟合数据总数量增加一倍,从40组数据增加至80组数据时,所有GNSS的最大偏移量降低幅度仅约20%,偏差值的过滤效果并不好。

    图  4  GNSS监测数据过滤效果的偏差关系
    Figure  4.  Deviation relationship in GNSS monitoring data filtering effects

    由此可见,对于常见的GNSS监测数据的过滤,可以以快速降低和震荡降低两阶段过滤效果为参考,选用缓慢降低阶段起点的40个数据量进行数据过滤。为了进一步明确该选取值是否有较好的适用性,通过现有甘肃省黑方台陈家3#滑坡和云南省丽江市华丽高速边坡的监测数据按照每小时1组提取进行修正,采用相同过滤方法对比不同监测频率下相同边坡的数据过滤规律(图5)。通过对比发现,GNSS变形监测数据表现出的过滤阶段与频率无显著关系,不同监测频率下仍然可以采用相同的三阶段进行划分,在大约40个数据量时也处于缓慢降低阶段的起点。而不同频率对GNSS变形监测数据的过滤效果差异主要在于偏差的降低幅度,这是由于监测频率过高使得数据量过于集中,在局部时段内GNSS误差呈整体偏大或偏小时,导致整个数据的偏差过滤都出现一定的偏差。而当监测频率大幅降低时,数据量间的持续时间变长,会克服局部时间段区域内数据整体偏大或偏小的问题,因此总体偏差降低幅度会增加,如图5中云南省丽江市华丽高速边坡GNSS监测频率从5 min降低至1 h时,同样的80组数据对应的时间段也从400 min变成80 h,对应了偏差降低幅度也从60%增加至85%。

    图  5  不同频率下的GNSS监测数据过滤效果的偏差关系
    Figure  5.  Deviation relationships in GNSS monitoring data filtering effects across different frequencies

    根据分析发现,对于GNSS变形监测数据的过滤,可以以缓慢降低阶段起点对应的40个数据量作为过滤数据量尺度,对应变形数据的偏差降低幅度均超过50%,能达到在尽量少的数据量前提下取得较好的过滤效果。

    由于GNSS变形监测数据通过卫星获取并解算定位信息,在极端恶劣环境或偶然故障情况下,可能出现变形量监测值的大幅度偏差,即偶然误差(图1)。这类误差呈偶发性,通过多个省份多个类型的GNSS数据进行统计分析发现,GNSS均有一定的偶然异常值,且异常数据总量均小于全部数据总量的10%,呈普遍性规律,这部分数据偏移量极大,可能是正偏移值(即出现极大的数据值),也可能是负偏移值(即出现极小的数据值),属于错误数据,本身没有意义。由于偶然误差的出现会导致计算出的变形速率出现显著的震荡,使基于变形速率的预警产生误报,同时常规的过滤方法难以直接过滤这类误差,因此,最好的处理方式是及时剔除偶然误差,但这一过程需要实时条件下进行才能保证滑坡监测预警的实时性。

    为了实现监测数据的实时过滤,同时及时判识并剔除偶然误差,可以采用设置一定缓冲过滤区的误差剔除方法(图6)。考虑到GNSS变形监测数据过滤量在40个时,可以较好地实现常见精度误差的过滤,对应缓冲过滤区的数据量也设置为40个,具体过滤方法为:当GNSS变形监测数据获取到最新的变形量数据后,取最新的40组变形量监测数据作为数据缓冲区,由时间正序去掉10%的最大变形量(即从过去到最新时间顺序选取4组最大值),由时间倒序去掉10%的最小变形量数据(即从最新时间到过去顺序选取4组最小值)。采用该方法处理后,数据中的偶然误差极大值和极小值都被剔除,还原出仅有精度波动的有效数据;而剩余32组数据作为有效变形量数据,再采用最小二乘过滤方法进行过滤以获得滑坡变形速率信息。随着GNSS不断获取新的变形量数据,对应更新缓冲过滤区实现偶然误差的实时剔除和精度误差的实时过滤。

    图  6  偶然误差数据缓冲过滤方法
    Figure  6.  Data buffer method for filtering incidental errors

    该方法的应用中,缓冲过滤区需要40个监测数据作为基数,按照常规GNSS变形监测数据1 h/次的监测频率,对应缓冲过滤区的判断需要连续40个小时的监测数据。需要说明的是,对于具有突发性特点的滑坡该方法难以及时判断其变形发展趋势。对此可以引入具有监测频率动态调节的自适应GNSS监测设备,在滑坡加速变形时通过自适应变频实现监测频率的自动增加。具体为:通过设置GNSS变形监测设备阈值为S(S大于设备监测精度),采用5 min/次的动态监测对比方式进行判断,当实际监测数据和最新记录的GNSS数据之差大于阈值S时,认为变形可能存在加速情况,此时记录最新的监测数据;当实际监测数据和最新记录的GNSS数据之差小于阈值S时,认为变形尚不明显,仍然采用1 h/次的常规监测频率获取数据。以此不断进行比对和记录,实现滑坡变形在进入加速变形期间能自动将监测频率调整到最高5 min/次,对应40组变形监测数据的最小时间间隔仅为不足4小时,对于不具有强烈突发性的滑坡,可以及时有效地识别出加速且不会导致误报。

    四村滑坡位于四川省茂县黑虎乡,为降雨诱发的堆积体变形滑坡,该区域近年来已实施了自动化监测,并布设了1套GNSS监测站。通过前几年的监测获取了一段时间的GNSS变形监测数据(图7a),该滑坡整体处于基本稳定状态。但在2018年4月12日到13日出现了一次较明显的加速过程(图7b),GNSS监测站全程获取了该次加速变形的位移变化数据。通过提取该加速变形区间的GNSS合位移,并分别采用最小二乘法和剔除误差后的最小二乘法拟合该区域的变形速率进行对比发现(图7c),变形速率的变化特征在剔除误差前后基本一致,能有效反应出GNSS合位移先增大后减缓时表现出的滑坡变形速率增大和减小,两者之间一致性较好,并未出现明显的延迟或显著差异。

    图  7  四村滑坡加速阶段变形速率过滤特征
    Figure  7.  Deformation rate Filtering characteristics of deformation rate in acceleration stage of Sicun landslide

    同时,以最新的彭州市某矿山边坡GNSS变形监测数据为例,进一步验证该方法的过滤效果。该矿山边坡为矿山开采后形成的人工边坡,目前较为稳定,未产生明显变形。GNSS监测站获取了边坡2024年1月份的变形数据(图8a),可见虽然边坡无明显变形,但获取的GNSS原始累计合位移数据有明显的异常跳跃点(图8b),导致了根据累计位移计算的变形速率呈上下波动状态(图8c),最大变形速率达到283.81 mm/d,显然不符合实际情况。采用数据过滤方法处理,剔除10%最大数据和10%最小数据后采用最小二乘拟合,得到的变形速率较稳定地在0附近(图8c),实时反映出了边坡的真实变化状态。

    图  8  彭州某矿山边坡匀变速阶段变形速率过滤特征
    Figure  8.  Characteristics of deformation rate filtration in the homogeneous velocity phase of a mine slope in Pengzhou

    可见,结合了数据过滤和偶然误差剔除的GNSS变形数据过滤方法,可以在实时监测的情况下去掉大偏差数据,且不影响监测数据的实际发展趋势判定,两者的结合为滑坡变形的及时预警提供可靠的数据过滤算法。

    针对滑坡地表变形常用的GNSS监测技术在预警过程中出现的精度误差和偶然误差,本文分析了常见的GNSS设备监测获得的滑坡变形数据误差特征,提出了对应的数据过滤方法,以实现滑坡变形数据的实时过滤,为有效的提前预警提供了科学数据过滤方法。本文主要得到以下结论:

    (1)滑坡GNSS变形数据存在精度误差和偶然误差,其中精度误差可以通过数据解析式过滤的方法实时过滤,偶然误差则应通过剔除的方式进行过滤。

    (2)以最小二乘法进行解析式过滤时发现,随着参与过滤的数据总量增多,GNSS过滤后的变形量数据偏差大小呈快速降低、震荡降低、缓慢降低三个阶段,可以选取缓慢降低阶段起点对应的数据量值40组数据确定为过滤尺度,在确保过滤效果的前提下减少数据延迟。

    (3)通过构建数据缓冲区剔除GNSS变形数据可能出现的偶然误差,同时采用自适应变频技术的方式,使构建数据缓冲区导致的数据分析滞后时间减小到最短不足4小时,为滑坡的实时预警预报提供及时可靠的数据支持,满足非突发性滑坡基于变形速率的预警需求。

    (4)通过对典型滑坡GNSS变形数据的应用验证,该方法可以实现变形速率误差波动的有效过滤,同时偶然误差的剔除也对滑坡实际变形速率不产生明显延迟,可以较好地还原滑坡实际变形发展趋势,具有一定的普适性和适用性。

  • 图  1   白鹤滩水电站库区红层砂岩岩样取样点

    Figure  1.   Sampling site of red sandstone in the reservoir area of Baihetan hydropower station

    图  2   CT扫描成像

    Figure  2.   CT scan imaging

    图  3   CT图像处理及三维空隙模型

    Figure  3.   CT image processing and 3D void modeling

    图  4   渗流模拟示意图

    Figure  4.   Schematic diagram of seepage simulation

    图  5   种子填充法相邻规则

    Figure  5.   Adjacency rules for seed filling

    图  6   不同循环次数下岩样照片

    Figure  6.   Photographs of rock samples with different number of cycles

    图  7   质量损失率变化拟合曲线

    Figure  7.   Fitting curve of mass loss rate change

    图  8   孔隙度随循环次数的变化规律

    Figure  8.   Changing law of porosity with the number of cycles

    图  9   不同干湿循环次数下的孔隙网络模型

    Figure  9.   Pore network model with different numbers of wetting-drying cycles

    图  10   不同干湿循环次数下孤立孔隙的孔径分布

    Figure  10.   Pore size distribution of isolated pores under different numbers of wetting-drying cycles

    图  11   不同循环次数下各切片孔隙度分布曲线

    Figure  11.   Porosity distribution curve of each slice under different cycle times

    图  12   不同干湿循环次数下的渗流通道分布、渗流速度和渗透率

    Figure  12.   Distribution of seepage channels, seepage velocity, and permeability under different number of cycles

    图  13   渗透率变化拟合曲线

    Figure  13.   Fitting curve of permeability change

    表  1   红层砂岩的矿物组成及含量

    Table  1   Mineral composition and content of red-bedded sandstone

    矿物名称 质量分数/%
    黏土矿物 36.6
    石英 22.7
    方解石 16.8
    斜长石 15.3
    黄铁矿 3.2
    白云石 2.1
    钾长石 1.9
    菱铁矿 1.3
    其他矿物 0.1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   岩样在盐溶液中发生的化学反应

    Table  2   Chemical reactions of rock samples in salt solution

    矿物 化学反应方程式
    石英 SiO2+2H2O=H4SiO4
    方解石 CaCO3=Ca2++${\mathrm{CO}}_3^{2-} $
    斜长石 NaAlSi3O8+5.5H2O=0.5Al2Si2O5(OH)4+Na++OH+2H4SiO4
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1] 孙钱程,徐晓,丰光亮,等. 长时浸泡红砂岩加/卸荷条件下的剪切特性及细观损伤机理[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2024,51(2):77 − 89. [SUN Qiancheng, XU Xiao, FENG Guangliang, et al. Shear characteristics and mesoscopic damage mechanism of long time soaking red sandstone under loading and unloading conditions[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2024,51(2):77 − 89. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    SUN Qiancheng, XU Xiao, FENG Guangliang, et al. Shear characteristics and mesoscopic damage mechanism of long time soaking red sandstone under loading and unloading conditions[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2024, 51(2): 77 − 89. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    [2] 许旭堂,鲜振兴,杨枫,等. 水-力耦合及干湿循环效应对浅层残积土斜坡稳定性的影响[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2022,33(4):28 − 36. [XU Xutang,XIAN Zhenxing,YANG Feng,et al. Influence of hydraulic-mechanical coupling and dry-wet cycle effect on surficial layer stability of residual soil slopes[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2022,33(4):28 − 36. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    XU Xutang, XIAN Zhenxing, YANG Feng, et al. Influence of hydraulic-mechanical coupling and dry-wet cycle effect on surficial layer stability of residual soil slopes[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2022, 33(4): 28 − 36. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    [3] 于越,李长冬,洪望兵,等. 干湿循环作用下白鹤滩小坝组红层砂岩强度特性与结构损伤研究[J]. 安全与环境工程,2022,29(4):24 − 32. [YU Yue,LI Changdong,HONG Wangbing,et al. Strength characteristics and structural damage of red sandstone in Baihetan Xiaoba formation under wetting-drying cycles[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering,2022,29(4):24 − 32. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    YU Yue, LI Changdong, HONG Wangbing, et al. Strength characteristics and structural damage of red sandstone in Baihetan Xiaoba formation under wetting-drying cycles[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2022, 29(4): 24 − 32. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    [4]

    YAO Wenmin,LI Changdong,ZHAN Hongbin,et al. Multiscale study of physical and mechanical properties of sandstone in Three Gorges Reservoir Region subjected to cyclic wetting–drying of Yangtze River water[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2020,53(5):2215 − 2231. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-019-02037-7

    [5]

    HUA Wen,DONG Shiming,PENG Fan,et al. Experimental investigation on the effect of wetting-drying cycles on mixed mode fracture toughness of sandstone[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,93:242 − 249. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.01.017

    [6] 梁金同,文华国,李笑天,等. 碳酸盐岩储层埋藏溶蚀改造与水岩模拟实验研究进展[J]. 地球科学,2023,48(2):814 − 834. [LIANG Jintong,WEN Huaguo,LI Xiaotian,et al. Research progress of burial dissolution and modification of carbonate reservoirs and fluid-rock simulation experiments[J]. Earth Science,2023,48(2):814 − 834. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    LIANG Jintong, WEN Huaguo, LI Xiaotian, et al. Research progress of burial dissolution and modification of carbonate reservoirs and fluid-rock simulation experiments[J]. Earth Science, 2023, 48(2): 814 − 834. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    [7] 张子翼,胡冉,廖震,等. 重力条件下粗糙裂隙溶蚀过程的可视化试验研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2023,50(2):178 − 188. [ZHANG Ziyi,HU Ran,LIAO Zhen,et al. Visualization experimental investigation into the dissolution processes in rough fracture under gravity conditions[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2023,50(2):178 − 188. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    ZHANG Ziyi, HU Ran, LIAO Zhen, et al. Visualization experimental investigation into the dissolution processes in rough fracture under gravity conditions[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50(2): 178 − 188. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    [8] 李华明,蔡乐军,陈南南,等. 基于室内试验的四川峨眉—汉源高速廖山隧道碳酸盐岩溶蚀特征分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2021,32(4):73 − 84. [LI Huaming,CAI Lejun,CHEN Nannan,et al. Experimental analysis on dissolution characteristics of carbonate rocks in Liaoshan tunnel of Emei-Hanyuan expressway in Sichuan Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2021,32(4):73 − 84. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    LI Huaming, CAI Lejun, CHEN Nannan, et al. Experimental analysis on dissolution characteristics of carbonate rocks in Liaoshan tunnel of Emei-Hanyuan expressway in Sichuan Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2021, 32(4): 73 − 84. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    [9]

    WU Y. Mechanism analysis of hazards caused by the interaction between groundwater and geo-environment[J]. Environmental Geology,2003,44(7):811 − 819. DOI: 10.1007/s00254-003-0819-9

    [10] 王剑,应春业,胡新丽,等. 浸泡作用下碎石土剪切强度衰减规律及机理[J]. 地质科技通报,2022(6):294 − 300. [WANG Jian,YING Chunye,HU Xinli,et al. Shear strength attenuation law and mechanism of gravel-soil under immersion[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2022(6):294 − 300. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    WANG Jian, YING Chunye, HU Xinli, et al. Shear strength attenuation law and mechanism of gravel-soil under immersion[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2022(6): 294 − 300. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    [11]

    ZHAO Chongbin,HOBBS B E,ORD A. Chemical dissolution-front instability associated with water-rock reactions in groundwater hydrology:Analyses of porosity-permeability relationship effects[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2016,540:1078 − 1087. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.07.022

    [12]

    YAO Huayan,ZHANG Zhenhua,ZHU Zhaohui. Uniaxial mechanical properties of sandstone under cyclic of drying and wetting[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2011,243/244/245/246/247/248/249:2310-2313.

    [13]

    HALE P A. A laboratory investigation of the effects of cyclic heating and cooling,wetting and drying,and freezing and thawing on the compressive strength of selected sandstones[J]. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience,2003,9(2):117 − 130. DOI: 10.2113/9.2.117

    [14] 袁璞,马芹永. 干湿循环条件下煤矿砂岩分离式霍普金森压杆试验研究[J]. 岩土力学,2013,34(9):2557 − 2562. [YUAN Pu,MA Qinyong. Split Hopkinson pressure bar tests on sandstone in coalmine under cyclic wetting and drying[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2557 − 2562. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    YUAN Pu, MA Qinyong. Split Hopkinson pressure bar tests on sandstone in coalmine under cyclic wetting and drying[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2013, 34(9): 2557 − 2562. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    [15]

    ZHAO Yunfeng,REN Song,JIANG Deyi,et al. Influence of wetting-drying cycles on the pore structure and mechanical properties of mudstone from Simian Mountain[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2018,191:923 − 931. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.069

    [16]

    ESPINOSA-MARZAL R M,SCHERER G W. Impact of in-pore salt crystallization on transport properties[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,69(8):2657 − 2669. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-012-2087-z

    [17]

    BENAVENTE D,MARTÍNEZ-MARTÍNEZ J,CUETO N,et al. Salt weathering in dual-porosity building dolostones[J]. Engineering Geology,2007,94(3/4):215 − 226.

    [18]

    JIANG Xihui,LI Changdong,ZHOU Jiaqing,et al. Salt-induced structure damage and permeability enhancement of Three Gorges Reservoir sandstone under wetting-drying cycles[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2022,153:105100. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2022.105100

    [19]

    SCRIVANO S,GAGGERO L. An experimental investigation into the salt-weathering susceptibility of building limestones[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2020,53(12):5329 − 5343. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-020-02208-x

    [20] 张贵,胡文君,李倩,等. 金沙江河谷巧家段地下水化学特征[J]. 中国岩溶,2017,36(3):339 − 345. [ZHANG Gui,HU Wenjun,LI Qian,et al. Groundwater chemical characteristics of the Qiaojia district in Jinshajiang River valley,Yunnan,China[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2017,36(3):339 − 345. (in Chinese with English abstract)] DOI: 10.11932/karst20170307

    ZHANG Gui, HU Wenjun, LI Qian, et al. Groundwater chemical characteristics of the Qiaojia district in Jinshajiang River valley, Yunnan, China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2017, 36(3): 339 − 345. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI: 10.11932/karst20170307

    [21]

    ZHANG Dujie,KANG Yili,SELVADURAI A P S,et al. Experimental investigation of the effect of salt precipitation on the physical and mechanical properties of a tight sandstone[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2020,53(10):4367 − 4380. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-019-02032-y

    [22] 张丙吉,辛全明,季铁军,等. 干湿循环作用下砂岩力学特性及能量损伤演化[J]. 水运工程,2022(1):192 − 197. [ZHANG Bingji,XIN Quanming,JI Tiejun,et al. Mechanical properties and energy damage evolution of sandstone under dry-wet cycle[J]. Port & Waterway Engineering,2022(1):192 − 197. (in Chinese with English abstract)] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-4972.2022.01.033

    ZHANG Bingji, XIN Quanming, JI Tiejun, et al. Mechanical properties and energy damage evolution of sandstone under dry-wet cycle[J]. Port & Waterway Engineering, 2022(1): 192 − 197. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-4972.2022.01.033

    [23]

    HECKBERT P S. A seed fill algorithm[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier,1990:275 − 277.

    [24] 孙亮,王晓琦,金旭,等. 微纳米孔隙空间三维表征与连通性定量分析[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):490 − 498. [SUN Liang,WANG Xiaoqi,JIN Xu,et al. Three dimensional characterization and quantitative connectivity analysis of micro/nano pore space[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):490 − 498. (in Chinese with English abstract)] DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(16)30057-X

    SUN Liang, WANG Xiaoqi, JIN Xu, et al. Three dimensional characterization and quantitative connectivity analysis of micro/nano pore space[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43(3): 490 − 498. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(16)30057-X

    [25]

    HAMMECKER C,MERTZ J D,FISCHER C,et al. A geometrical model for numerical simulation of capillary imbibition in sedimentary rocks[J]. Transport in Porous Media,1993,12(2):125 − 141. DOI: 10.1007/BF00616976

    [26]

    DARCY H. Les Fontaines Publiques de La Ville de Dijon[M]. Victor Dalmont; 1856. (in French

    [27] 傅晏,王子娟,刘新荣,等. 干湿循环作用下砂岩细观损伤演化及宏观劣化研究[J]. 岩土工程学报,2017,39(9):1653 − 1661. [FU Yan,WANG Zijuan,LIU Xinrong,et al. Meso damage evolution characteristics and macro degradation of sandstone under wetting-drying cycles[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(9):1653 − 1661. (in Chinese with English abstract)] DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201709013

    FU Yan, WANG Zijuan, LIU Xinrong, et al. Meso damage evolution characteristics and macro degradation of sandstone under wetting-drying cycles[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2017, 39(9): 1653 − 1661. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201709013

    [28] 张莹, 任战利, 兰华平, 等. 关中盆地新近系蓝田-灞河组热储层物性及渗流特征研究[J]. 地质通报,2024,43(5):712 − 725. [ZHANG Ying, REN Zhanli, LAN Huaping, et al. Physical properties and percolation characteristics of Neogene Lantian-Bahe Formation thermal reservoir in Guanzhong Basin[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2024,43(5):712 − 725. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    ZHANG Ying, REN Zhanli, LAN Huaping, et al. Physical properties and percolation characteristics of Neogene Lantian-Bahe Formation thermal reservoir in Guanzhong Basin[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2024, 43(5): 712 − 725. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    [29] 刘庆, 林天懿, 杨淼, 等. 北京地区雾迷山组地热储层微观孔隙结构及孔渗特征[J]. 地质通报,2022,41(4):657 − 668. [LIU Qing, LIN Tianyi, YANG Miao, et al. Micropore structure and physical property of geothermal reservoir of Wumishan Formation in Beijing area[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2022,41(4):657 − 668. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    LIU Qing, LIN Tianyi, YANG Miao, et al. Micropore structure and physical property of geothermal reservoir of Wumishan Formation in Beijing area[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2022, 41(4): 657 − 668. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    [30]

    GHOBADI M H,BABAZADEH R. Experimental studies on the effects of cyclic freezing–thawing,salt crystallization,and thermal shock on the physical and mechanical characteristics of selected sandstones[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(3):1001 − 1016. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-014-0609-6

    [31] 胡文龙,刘赞群,裴敏. 引气剂对硫铝酸盐水泥混凝土硫酸盐结晶破坏的影响[J]. 材料导报,2019,33(增刊1):239 − 243. [HU Wenlong,LIU Zanqun,PEI Min. Effect of air entraining agent on sulfate crystallization distress on sulphoaluminate cement concrete[J]. Materials Reports,2019,33(Sup 1):239 − 243. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    HU Wenlong, LIU Zanqun, PEI Min. Effect of air entraining agent on sulfate crystallization distress on sulphoaluminate cement concrete[J]. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(Sup 1): 239 − 243. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    [32]

    ZHAO Fei,SUN Qiang,ZHANG Weiqiang. Combined effects of salts and wetting–drying cycles on granite weathering[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2020,79(7):3707 − 3720. DOI: 10.1007/s10064-020-01773-3

    [33]

    YUAN Wen,LIU Xinrong,FU Yan. Chemical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics analysis of sandstone dissolution under the action of dry–wet cycles in acid and alkaline environments[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2019,78(2):793 − 801. DOI: 10.1007/s10064-017-1162-9

    [34] 肖娜,李实,林梅钦. CO2-水-岩石相互作用对岩石孔渗参数及孔隙结构的影响——以延长油田35-3井储层为例[J]. 油田化学,2018,35(1):85 − 90. [XIAO Na,LI Shi,LIN Meiqin. Effect of CO2-water-rock interaction on porosity,permeability and pore structure characters of reservoir rock:a case study of 35-3 well in Yanchang oilfield[J]. Oilfield Chemistry,2018,35(1):85 − 90. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    XIAO Na, LI Shi, LIN Meiqin. Effect of CO2-water-rock interaction on porosity, permeability and pore structure characters of reservoir rock: a case study of 35-3 well in Yanchang oilfield[J]. Oilfield Chemistry, 2018, 35(1): 85 − 90. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    [35]

    PIRIZADEH S,SARIKHANI R,JAMSHIDI A,et al. Physico-mechanical properties of the sandstones and effect of salt crystallization on them:A comparative study between stable and unstable slopes (a case study of the Khorramabad-Zal highway in Iran)[J]. Case Studies in Construction Materials,2022,17:e01375. DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01375

    [36]

    WANG Fugang,ZHAO Yanjie,LI Chuang,et al. An experimental study on the corrosion characteristics of the karst tunnel engineering area in southwest China[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2019,78(6):4047 − 4061. DOI: 10.1007/s10064-018-1411-6

    [37]

    PALCHIK V,HATZOR Y H. The influence of porosity on tensile and compressive strength of porous chalks[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2004,37(4):331 − 341. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-003-0020-1

图(13)  /  表(2)
计量
  • 文章访问数:  127
  • HTML全文浏览量:  7
  • PDF下载量:  53
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-09-11
  • 修回日期:  2023-11-28
  • 录用日期:  2024-07-15
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-10-10
  • 刊出日期:  2024-10-24

目录

/

返回文章
返回