Abstract: Shiliushubao landslide is an important part of the Huanglashi landslide group, which has attracted much attention for a long time. In this paper, the detailed material composition and structure of the Shiliushubao landslide are obtained by the exploration, and the deformation characteristics and deformation mechanism of the landslide are studied through automatic GPS surface displacement, groundwater level, rainfall monitoring in recent two years. The results show that the front deformation is the main deformation of the Shiliushubao landslide at first, and at present, the deformation of the middle and rear part is the main deformation. Rainfall is the main reason for the reactivation of Shiliushubao landslide, which is continuously deformed by the joint action of reservoir water level rise and fall and rainfall. The small deformation of the leading edge is mainly due to the high permeability of the front edge and the small hydraulic gradient; the large deformation of the middle and rear part is mainly due to the small permeability of the middle and rear part and the relatively large hydraulic gradient. Rainfall has a great influence on the groundwater of landslide, which makes the hydraulic gradient of groundwater increase 5～9 times. This study can provide an important reference for monitoring - early warning and prevention of landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.