Recent deformation characteristics and mechanism of the Shiliushubao landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
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摘要: 石榴树包滑坡是黄蜡石滑坡群中的一个重要滑坡，一直以来备受瞩目，其持续变形对长江航运及人民生命财产安全造成严重威胁。本文通过对石榴树包滑坡的勘探得到其详细的物质组成及结构，通过近两年的GPS表面位移、地下水位、降雨量等自动化监测数据分析，对该滑坡的变形特征、变形机理进行研究。结果表明：（1）石榴树包滑坡最初以前缘变形为主，现阶段以中后部变形为主。（2）降雨是石榴树包滑坡复活的主要原因，受库水位升降与降雨联合作用使石榴树包滑坡持续变形。前缘变形较小主要是由于前缘渗透性大，水力梯度较小的原因；中后部变形大主要是中后部渗透性小，水力梯度相对较大的原因。（3）降雨对滑坡地下水影响较大，使地下水水力梯度增大可达5～9倍。本研究可为三峡库区滑坡灾害监测预警及防治提供重要参考。Abstract: Shiliushubao landslide is an important part of the Huanglashi landslide group, which has attracted much attention for a long time. In this paper, the detailed material composition and structure of the Shiliushubao landslide are obtained by the exploration, and the deformation characteristics and deformation mechanism of the landslide are studied through automatic GPS surface displacement, groundwater level, rainfall monitoring in recent two years. The results show that the front deformation is the main deformation of the Shiliushubao landslide at first, and at present, the deformation of the middle and rear part is the main deformation. Rainfall is the main reason for the reactivation of Shiliushubao landslide, which is continuously deformed by the joint action of reservoir water level rise and fall and rainfall. The small deformation of the leading edge is mainly due to the high permeability of the front edge and the small hydraulic gradient; the large deformation of the middle and rear part is mainly due to the small permeability of the middle and rear part and the relatively large hydraulic gradient. Rainfall has a great influence on the groundwater of landslide, which makes the hydraulic gradient of groundwater increase 5～9 times. This study can provide an important reference for monitoring - early warning and prevention of landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
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图 3 石榴树包滑坡勘探及监测仪器布置图
Figure 3. Layout of exploration and monitoring instruments for Shiliushubao landslide
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图 6 石榴树包滑坡电法测量结果与钻孔岩心对比
Figure 6. Comparison of electrical survey results and borehole cores of Shiliushubao landslide
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图 7 石榴树包滑坡体纵剖面物质结构分层
Figure 7. Material structure stratification of longitudinal section of Shiliushubao landslide body
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图 8 石榴树包滑坡GPS监测累计位移量-雨量-库水位变化曲线
Figure 8. Variation curve of cumulative displacement of GPS monitoring and rainfall and reservoir water level of Shiliushubao landslide
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图 9 石榴树包滑坡地下水位变化曲线
Figure 9. Variation curve of groundwater level in Shiliushubao landslide
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图 10 石榴树包滑坡水力梯度变化曲线
Figure 10. Variation curve of hydraulic gradient of Shiliushubao landslide
表 1 水力梯度变化特征
Table 1 Variation characteristics of hydraulic gradient
项目 水力梯度i2−1 水力梯度i4−2 水力梯度i5−4 高水位时 低水位时 降雨时 高水位 低水位 降雨时 高水位 低水位 降雨时 第一次升降 0.009 0.0068 0.67 0.11 0.465 0.068 0.0095 0.161 0.331 第二次升降 0.0097 0.0078 0.75 0.118 0.43 0.167 0.01 0.154 0.138 
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