Deformation and failure mechanism and analysis on prevention measures of colluction landslide under earthquake and heavy rainfall
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摘要: 位于西南山地堆积体滑坡常受到地震和强降雨的双重作用，查明此类滑坡变形破坏机理是地质灾害防治和风险防控的基础。文章的研究对象是鲜水河断裂带附近的炉霍县马居滑坡。研究表明，地震作用对位于斜坡地带堆积体滑坡体结构损伤明显，不但使滑坡整体稳定性下降，还促使坡体内裂隙大量发育，利于降雨入渗，进一步恶化滑坡的水文地质条件。强降雨形成的大规模洪水和泥石流下切坡脚沟道，牵引滑坡体整体向下。长历时强降雨入渗影响坡体稳定性，且在降雨结束后较长时间持续影响坡体稳定性。因此，对此类滑坡防治的对策应考虑坡脚防护和抗滑支挡设置。在对防治方案的有效性分析后，表明防护方案在极端条件下仍然能保障安全性，达防治和风险管控的目的。Abstract: Accumulation landslides located in the Southwest Mountainous are affected by both earthquake and heavy rainfall, the deformation and failure characteristics of landslides are affected by these two main factors. Finding out the deformation and failure mechanism of this kind of landslide is the basis of geological disaster prevention and risk prevention and control. This paper takes Maju landslide in Luhuo County as the research object. The results show that, the seismic action has obvious damage effect on the structure of accumulation landslide located in slope zone, it not only reduces the overall stability of the landslide, but also promotes the development of a large number of fissures in the slope, which is conducive to the infiltration of rainfall into the slope, and then worsens the hydrogeological conditions of the landslide. Heavy rainfall is easy to form large-scale flood and debris flow, cutting the gully at the foot of the slope, and pulling the landslide to slide downward as a whole. The long-term heavy rainfall infiltration slope also has a great impact on the stability of the landslide, and the landslide is in an unstable state for a long time after rainfall. Therefore, for this kind of landslide prevention scheme, the strategy of paying equal attention to slope toe protection and anti slide retaining should be adopted, the effectiveness analysis of the protection scheme shows that the safety of the protection scheme has a certain guarantee under extreme conditions, achieves the purpose of prevention and control, and further controls the risk.
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图 1 研究区地震断裂及历史地震分布图[4]
Figure 1. Distribution map of seismic faults and historical earthquakes in the study area
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图 4 多遇地震条件下人工合成地震波时程曲线
Figure 4. Synthetic seismic wave time history curve under frequent earthquakes
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图 5 多遇地震条件下斜坡塑性区发育分布图
Figure 5. Development distribution of slope plastic zone under frequent earthquake conditions
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图 6 多遇地震条件下斜坡最大剪应变增量云图
Figure 6. Cloud map of maximum shear strain increment of slope under frequent Earthquake
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图 7 坡脚下切后斜坡最大剪应变增量云图
Figure 7. Cloud map of maximum shear stress increment of slope after slope toe undercutting
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图 8 距离240 m处强降雨历时全过程饱和土体厚度变化情况（2-2′剖面）
Figure 8. Variation of saturated soil thickness in the whole process of heavy rainfall at x = 240 m (2-2′ section)
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图 9 滑坡体在强降雨入渗条件下稳定系数变化情况
Figure 9. Variation of stability coefficient of landslide under heavy rainfall infiltration
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图 10 不同回淤高度滑坡前缘稳定系数变化情况
Figure 10. Variation of stability coefficient of landslide front at different siltation heights
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图 11 沟道现状条件下滑坡前缘最大剪应变增量云图
Figure 11. Cloud map of maximum shear strain increment at the front edge of landslide under the current condition of gully
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图 12 失去支挡后天然工况下滑坡稳定性分区云图
Figure 12. Cloud map of landslide stability zoning under natural conditions after loss of support at the front edge
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图 13 失去支挡后多遇地震工况下滑坡稳定性分区云图
Figure 13. Cloud map of landslide stability zoning under frequent earthquake conditions after loss of support at the front edge
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图 14 失去支挡后基本地震工况下滑坡稳定性分区云图
Figure 14. Cloud map of landslide stability under basic seismic conditions after loss of support at the front edge
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图 15 失去支挡后罕遇地震工况下滑坡稳定性分区云图
Figure 15. Cloud map of landslide stability zoning under rare earthquake conditions after loss of support at the front edge
表 1 滑坡区主要岩土参数表
Table 1 Geotechnical parameters of landslide area
岩土体 体积模量/MPa 剪变模量
/MPa天然状态 饱和状态 重度/(t·m−3) 内聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°) 重度/(t·m−3) 内聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°) 滑坡体 15.60 5.18 2.01 24.3 30.8 2.05 22.9 27.8 强风化 15.20 7.80 22 40 35 - - - 中风化基岩 20.00 12.00 27 1900 42.8 - - - 
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