Expansive potential of ballastless track on high speed railway mudstone foundation with low clay mineral content
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摘要: 为研究低黏土矿物含量泥岩地基中不同黏土矿物含量对高速铁路无砟轨道路基膨胀潜势、膨胀上拱变形量的影响，对既有规范针对无砟轨道膨胀土判定分级方面进行补充和完善，选取25处典型路基上拱病害段泥岩样进行X射线衍射实验，优化级配的自由膨胀率实验及阳离子交换量实验，采用主成分分析法（PCA）提取累计方差解释量90.098%进行降维分析，并结合实际工程进行等级区间划分。结果表明：PCA可排除各因子间的共线性对模型结果的影响，在统计意义的基础上采用三因子能够正确表征膨胀土膨胀潜势与微观因子间良好的线性关系；通过简化、优化物理指标得到的膨胀土膨胀特性判定指标F，与实际轨道上拱量的Person相关性提高至0.902；依据线路实际膨胀情况和F划分的膨胀等级区间较既有规范判定准确度明显提高。研究结果可为该高速铁路沿线膨胀土判别和灾害防治提供参考和理论支撑。Abstract: In order to study the influence of different clay mineral contents in low clay mineral content mudstone foundation on the swelling potential and swelling upper arch deformation of ballastless track subgrade of high-speed railway, supplement and improve the existing standards for the determination and classification of ballastless expansive soil. Mudstone samples were selected from 25 typical roadbed arch diseased sections to conduct X-ray diffraction experiments. The free expansion rate experiment and cation exchange capacity experiment were optimized. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to extract the cumulative variance interpretation amount of 90.098% for dimension reduction analysis. And combined with the actual project to classify the interval. The results show that: PCA can exclude the influence of co-linearity between factors on the model results. Based on statistical significance, three factors can be used to characterize the good linear relationship between the swelling potential of expansive soil and micro-factors; by simplifying and optimizing physical indicators, the obtained index F for expansive soil has a Person correlation with the amount of arch on the actual track increased to 0.902; according to the actual expansion conditions of the line and the expansion grade interval divided by F, the accuracy of the judgment of the existing standards is significantly improved. The research results can provide reference and theoretical support for the identification of the expansive soil and disaster prevention along the high-speed railway.
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图 1 隆起病害（左）及膨胀泥岩图（右）
Figure 1. Uplift(left) and expanded mudstone in the foundation (right)
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图 3 自由膨胀率实验（左）及阳离子交换量实验图（右）
Figure 3. Free expansion rate experiment (left) and cation exchange amount experiment (right)
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表 1 泥岩矿物成份表
Table 1 Mudstone mineral composition
样品编号 蒙脱石 伊利石 高岭石 石膏 绿泥石 石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 白云石 菱铁矿 赤铁矿 黄铁矿 NY1 2.0 3.1 0 0 0 34.1 10.2 21.2 28.1 0 0 0 1.3 NY2 1.5 3.3 0 0.3 0 56.6 6.2 12.6 19.5 0 0 0 0 NY3 0.6 1.4 0 0 0 26.4 7.5 7.8 55.7 0 0 0 0.6 NY4 1.2 2.5 2.5 0 0 46.6 15.8 17.1 14.3 0 0 0 0 NY5 2.8 3.7 2.3 0 0 36.7 12.0 18.0 23.5 0 0 0 1.0 NY6 0 4.8 0 0 0 48.3 12.7 28.7 5.5 0 0 0 0 NY7 0.5 2.5 0 0.3 0 35.9 10.2 16.9 33.7 0 0 0 0 NY8 0 3.0 2.6 0 0 32.4 26.7 13.4 21.9 0 0 0 0 NY9 2.1 3.6 2.8 0 0 34.3 9.4 22.5 24.3 1 0 0 0 NY10 1.7 2.5 0 0 3.7 28.4 13.1 25.8 24.8 0 0 0 0 NY11 1.5 3.7 0 0 0 27.6 18.4 24.7 21.8 0.6 0.7 0 1.0 NY12 1.2 2.4 0 0 0 61.2 12.3 11.9 11.0 0 0 0 0 NY13 1.9 3.0 0 0 0 47.3 0 9.0 38.1 0.7 0 0 0 NY14 0 2.8 0 0.3 0 53.2 14.2 14.7 14.8 0 0 0 0 NY15 0 5.3 0 0 0 55.3 22.3 0 17.1 0 0 0 0 NY16 1.6 3.3 2.2 0 0 42.9 15.5 23.6 9.1 0.9 0.9 0 0 NY17 1.5 3.9 0 0.4 4.2 47.3 10.2 15.5 14.9 0.6 0 1.5 0 NY18 1.6 3.7 3.5 0 2 30.8 14.7 34.1 8.8 0.3 0.5 0 0 NY19 0 4.5 1.4 0.3 0 50.0 24.0 11.2 8.1 0.5 0 0 0 NY20 2.0 3.6 0 0.3 0 50.5 7.4 20.6 14.2 0 0 0 1.4 NY21 1.4 7.6 0 0.5 0 55.8 10.4 14.0 9.0 0 0 0 1.3 NY22 1.6 3.6 2.4 0 0 54.4 7.1 18.2 12.2 0.5 0 0 0 NY23 3.7 6.5 0 0 0 50.1 13.3 24.4 2.0 0 0 0 0 NY24 1.1 3.3 0 0 0 41.4 20.7 17.7 15.8 0 0 0 0 NY25 0 8.2 0 0 2.7 49.5 7.9 16.2 14.2 0.6 0.7 0 0 
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表 2 平均值和标准差计算表
Table 2 Average and standard deviation calculation table
等效蒙脱石含量/% 自由膨胀率/% 阳离子交换量/（mol·kg−1） 平均值 1.66 36.54 201.69 标准差 0.95 21.29 62.45
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表 3 KMO和巴特利特检验
Table 3 KMO and Bartlett test
KMO 取样适切性量数 0.684 巴特利特球形度检验 近似卡方 23.869 自由度 3 显著性 0.000
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表 4 解释的总方差
Table 4 The explained total variance
成份 初始特征值 旋转平方和载入 特征值 方差贡献率/% 累计贡献率/% 特征值 方差贡献率/% 累计贡献率/% 1 2.176 72.529 72.529 1.626 54.197 54.197 2 0.527 17.569 90.098 1.077 35.901 90.098 3 0.297 9.902 100.000
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表 5 成分得分系数矩阵
Table 5 Component score coefficient matrix
指标 成份 1 2 等效蒙脱石$ {M}^{{{'}}} $ −0.368 1.151 自由膨胀率$ {F}_{S} $ 0.565 −0.091 阳离子交换量${{CEC} }$ 0.696 −0.291
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表 6 主成分权重表
Table 6 Weight of the principal component
主成份 $ {F}_{1} $ $ {F}_{2} $ 权重 0.54197 0.35901
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表 7 膨胀等级汇总表
Table 7 Summary of expansion levels
级别 F值范围 无膨胀 $ F<-1.0 $ 弱膨胀 $-1.0\leqslant F < 0.0$ 中膨胀 $0.0\leqslant F < 1.1$ 强膨胀 $1.1\leqslant F$
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表 8 无膨胀性泥岩试验结果
Table 8 Test results of Non-expansive mudstone
编号 ${{M} }'$(%) ${{F} }_{{S} }$(%) ${{CEC} }\left( { {{NH} })_{{4} }^ + } \right)$
(mol·L)${{F} }$ 本文膨胀
潜势判定实际
膨胀性1 0.05 7.5 33.60 −1.63 无 无 2 0.19 11.5 40.49 −1.50 无 无 3 0.16 12.5 42.34 −1.49 无 无 4 0.34 14.0 49.06 −1.39 无 无 5 0.29 13.2 46.70 −1.43 无 无 6 0.30 14.5 49.73 −1.39 无 无 7 0.30 10.0 84.70 −1.28 无 无 8 0.29 21.0 84.71 −1.13 无 无 9 0.44 18.0 83.62 −1.14 无 无 10 0.37 12.5 98.83 −1.16 无 无
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