Abstract: The formation mechanism and utilization of barrier dam are the research hotspots in the field of disaster prevention and reduction. Due to the special formation process, complex internal structure, uneven composition materials and different accumulation patterns, there is still a lack of effective stability evaluation methods and development and control measures. In this paper, from the formation process, types, and structural characteristics, we have summarized the formation mechanism and process of barrier dam formed by mountain collapse, landslides and mud-rock flows. Meanwhile, we have summarized the engineering and non-engineering measures for emergency treatment of dams, and have introduced the successful cases of barrier dams in hydroelectric power generation, diversion irrigation and environmental tourism. Through the literature and case compilation, a literature database for the study of barrier dam is established. Finally, due to the high risk and development potential of barrier dam, we pointed out the main problems and the further research direction, which provides a useful reference for the risk prediction, development and utilization of barrier dam.