ISSN 1003-8035 CN 11-2852/P

    乌蒙山区凉水村高位滑坡运动堆积特征及动力学过程分析

    Analysis of movement and accumulation characteristics and dynamic process of the high-elevation landslide in Liangshui village, Wumeng mountain area

    • 摘要: 乌蒙山区小规模滑体高位启动后,因高势能迅速转化为动能,常诱发重大地质灾害。以2024年1月22日云南昭通凉水村滑坡为例,通过野外调查、无人机航飞及高精度影像颗粒识别技术分析了滑坡变形和滑体运动堆积特征。采用数值方法揭示了滑坡失稳后的动力学特性。研究结果显示:凉水村滑坡运动时长约50 s,先后经历失稳剪出初始加速—解体滑动显著加速—碰撞破碎渐进减速—堆积稳定静止四个阶段,滑体以浓密态到稀疏态的过渡状态为主,峰值速度为37.5 m/s,最大运动距离465 m,最终形成南东高-北西低且体积为14.0×104 m3的扇形堆积体,最大堆积厚度为12 m,堆积区块石粒径大小分布具有明显的分区分带特征,滑坡微地貌形态是影响运动距离和堆积体厚度形态的重要因素,模拟结果与实地调查结果相吻合。结果可为类似滑坡灾害的成灾特征和风险预测评估提供科学参考。

       

      Abstract: Small-scale landslides initiated at high elevations in the Wumeng mountain area often lead to servere geological hazards due to rapid conversion of gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy. This study investigate the deformation, movement, and accumulation characteristics of the Liangshui Village in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province, triggered on January 22, 2024, through field surveys, UAV-based aerial surveys, and high-precision image-based particle recognition techniques. Numerical simulations were conducted to reveal the post-failure dynamic behavior of the landslide. Results show that the landslide motion lasted approximately 50 seconds and evolved through four distinct phases: (i) initial acceleration following shear failure, (ii) rapid acceleration during disintegration and sliding, (iii) gradual deceleration caused by collisions and fragmentation, and (iv) final deposition and stablization. The sliding mass primarily exhibited a transition from dense to dilute flow regimes, reaching a peak velocity of 37.5 m/s, and traveling a maximum distance of 465 meters. It ultimately formed a fan-shaped deposit with a volume of 14.0 × 104 m3, characterized by higher elevation in the southeast and lower in the northwest, with a maximum thickness of 12 meters. The particle size distribution within the accumulation zone exhibits distinct zoning characteristics. Microtopographic features along the landslide significantly influenced both the runout distance and the spatial distribution of deposit thickness.Simulation results are consistent with the field survey results. These results provide valuable insights for understanding the disaster characteristics of similar high-elivation landslide events and for improving risk prediction and assessment.

       

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